Sprawiedliwość w ekonomii dobrobytu. Libertarianizm i szkoła austriacka

The work addresses the issue of welfare economics, a branch of economics that attempts to answer the question of how to maximise economic efficiency in the social dimension. The subject of the analysis is the proposal put forward by a representative of the Austrian School, Murray Newton Rothbard. According to this theory, it is assumed that the optimal solution to the problem of the rationality of the economic order is to assign absolute property rights and auto-ownership to all persons capable of possessing them, with all rare goods being the subject of private property. The implementation of the principles of this libertarian theory of justice is supposed to be a condition sufficient for achieving the greatest possible economic efficiency. This would mean that there is no conflict between economic efficiency and justice understood in this way. The Austrolibertarian welfare economics interpreted in this way is presented from the perspective of the history of economic thought. After presenting the Austrian argumentation against socialism as the first of the two extreme property rights variants, the second one, i.e. the libertarian variant, becomes the subject of critique. The author of this paper undertakes a polemic with the Austrolibertarian thesis, focusing on four methodological issues: the concept of voluntary and mutually beneficial exchange, the concept of risk and preferences, social dilemmas known from game theory, and the category of intellectual property.

Przedmowa / 9

I. Wprowadzenie / 13
1. Problematyka / 13
2. Cele / 17
3. Metoda / 19

II. Efektywność ekonomiczna i problem racjonalnego porządku / 25
1. Bogactwo i dobrobyt w historii myśli ekonomicznej / 25
2. Stanowisko austriackie: prakseologia / 34
3. Problem socjalizmu / 43
4. Rozwiązanie libertariańskie / 49

III. Problemy austrolibertariańskiej ekonomii dobrobytu / 59
1. Analiza ex ante i ex post. Wymiana dobrowolna a wymiana wzajemnie korzystna / 59
2. Preferencja a ryzyko / 73
3. Maksymalizacja użyteczności a dylematy społeczne / 82
4. Własność intelektualna a dobrobyt / 94

Zakończenie / 103
Bibliografia / 107
Spis tabel / 115
Abstract / 117

Dawid Megger